𝐈𝐑 Spectroscopy (FTIR, ISO 527 / ASTM E1252)

• Purpose: Identifies chemical structure and functional groups in polymers.
• Why: To verify polymer type, detect additives, or monitor degradation.
• Results: IR spectra, functional group identification, compositional analysis.

𝐒𝐄𝐌 (Scanning Electron Microscopy, ISO 22310)

• Purpose: Observes surface morphology and microstructure at high magnification.
• Why: To analyze surface defects, fractures, particle distribution, or coatings.
• Results: High-resolution micrographs, microstructural insight, defect analysis.

𝐗𝐑𝐃 (X-ray Diffraction, ISO 13779)

• Purpose: Determines crystalline structure and phase identification.
• Why: To study polymer crystallinity, additives, and fillers.
• Results: Diffraction patterns, degree of crystallinity, phase identification.

𝐓𝐆𝐀 (Thermogravimetric Analysis, ISO 11358)

• Purpose: Measures weight changes under controlled heating.
• Why: To evaluate thermal stability, decomposition, and filler content.
• Results: Thermal degradation temperatures, composition analysis, residual mass.

𝐃𝐒𝐂 (Differential Scanning Calorimetry, ISO 11357)

• Purpose: Measures heat flow associated with thermal transitions.
• Why: To study melting, crystallization, and glass transition temperatures.
• Results: Tg, Tm, crystallization temperatures, heat capacity changes.

Particle Size Analysis (ISO 13320 / ASTM D4464)

• Purpose: Determines particle size distribution of fillers, pigments, or powders in plastics.
• Why: Affects mechanical properties, color, and processing behavior.
• Results: Particle size distribution, mean diameter, and uniformity.